Page 395 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

Like the other Indo-Aryan languages, Bhojpuri has two types of transitive
verbs: simple transitive & ditransitive. Both exist in a pair of related sentences,

traditionally called active and prototypically promotional passive in which the topic-
of-passive can control verb agreement. Moreover, passivization is also applied to
Bhojpuri intransitive verbs, known as prototypically non-promotional passive in

which the topic-of-passive retains its original case-marking, but the agent can be
overtly mentioned in an oblique case as promotional. Both types of Bhojpuri usage of

passive voice is also displayed in Tiwari (1854:261 and 1960:165), Nirbhik
(1975:129), Tripathy (1987:258), Shrivastava (1999:91), Sharma and Ashk (2007:92),

Thakur (2011:124) and Singh (2013:105).
Firstly, we deal with the promotional passive. For example, consider the

following sentences:
(30) a. Active

तू ;कताब पढ़ले होइबू ।
tu kitɑb pʌɽ ̊ le ɦoibu

tu kitɑb pʌɽ ̊ -ʌl-e ɦo-ibu
2SG.NOM book read-PP-SEQ be-2.FUT.F.MH

'You will have read a book.' (13.038)
b. PAT topic-of-patient (Agt-Pat)
तोहरा से ;कताब पढ़ाइल होई ।

toɦrɑ se kitɑb pʌɽ ̊ ɑil ɦo

tu-ʌr-ɑ se kitɑb pʌɽ ̊ -ɑ-il ɦo-i
2SG-GEN-SPEC by book read-PASS-PP be-3.FUT

'The book will have been read by you.'
c. Active

हम राधा के ;कताब देनी ।
ɦʌm rɑd ̤ ɑ ke kitɑb deni

ɦʌm rɑd ̤ ɑ ke kitɑb de-ni
1SG.NOM Radha DAT book give-PST.H

'I gave the book to Radha.' (06.006)
d. DAT topic-of-passive

हमरा kारा राधा के ;कताब ;दआइल ।

367