Page 400 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU
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rɑm lɑʈʰi se kudʌl
rɑm lɑʈʰi se kud-ʌl
Ram stick INS jump-3SG.PST
'Ram jumped with a stick.' (13.223)
d. INSTR topic-of-passive (deletion of agent)
(राम kारा) लाठी से कुदाइल ।
rɑm dwɑrɑ lɑʈʰi se kudɑil
rɑm dwɑrɑ lɑʈʰi se kud-ɑ-il
Ram by stick means jump-PASS-3SG.PST
'The stick was used to jump (*by Ram).' (13.224)
In case of topicalization of a human DO or dative, it controls the verb
agreement in Bhojpuri, as shown in (35a-f):
(35) a. Active (NOM control)
लछुमन सुपनेखा के िपटलन ।
lʌcʰumʌn supnekʰɑ ke piʈlʌn
lʌcʰumʌn supnekʰɑ ke piʈ-ʌl-ʌn
Lachhuman Supnekha acc beat-PP-3.PST.MH
'Lachhuman beat Supnekha.' (13.225)
b. Passive (human DO control)
लछुमन से सुपनेखा िपटइली ।
lʌcʰumʌn se supnekʰɑ piʈʌili
lʌcʰumʌn se supnekʰɑ piʈ-ɑ-ili
Lachhuman by Supnekha beat-PASS-3SG.PST.F.MH
'Supnekha was beaten by Lachhuman.' (13.226)
c. Active (NOM control)
सुपनेखा लछुमन के िपटली ।
supnekʰɑ lʌcʰumʌn ke piʈli
supnekʰɑ lʌcʰumʌn ke piʈ-ʌl-i
Supnekha Lachhuman ACC beat-PP-3.PST.F.MH
'Supnekha beat Lachhuman.' (13.227)
d. Passive (human DO control)
सुपनेखा से लछुमन िपटइलन ।
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