Page 405 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

'The attacks of sword are blocked by a shield.'
c. लोग गाही म) खपड़ा गनेलन ।

loɡ ɡɑɦi mẽ kʰʌpʌɽɑ ɡʌnelʌn
loɡ ɡɑɦi mẽ kʰʌpʌɽɑ ɡʌn-elʌn

people a set of five LOC roofing tile count-3.PRES.MH
'People count roofing tiles in sets of five.'

d. गाही म) खपड़ा गनाला ।

ɡɑɦi mẽ kʰʌpʌɽɑ ɡʌnɑlɑ
ɡɑɦi mẽ kʰʌpʌɽɑ ɡʌn-ɑ-ilɑ

a set of five LOC roofing tile count-PASS-3SG.PRES
'The roofing tiles are counted in sets of five.' (011.035)
In examples (37a-d), sentence (37a) and (37c) are active and (37b) and (37d)
̈
are their passive counterparts respectively in which the instrument/subject ढाल /ɖɑl/

'shield' is neutralized/suppressed in (37b) whereas the agent/subject लोग /loɡ/ 'people'
is not only suppressed but deleted in (37d).

b) Neutralization of honorificity

(38) a. बाबुजी च`कु सिनआवेनी ।
bɑbuji cʌkku sʌniɑweni

bɑbu-ji cʌkku sʌniɑ-weni
father-H knife sharpen-PRES.H

'My father sharpens a knife.' (011.364)
b. बाबुजी से च`कु सिनआला ।

bɑbuji se cʌkku sʌniɑlɑ
bɑbu-ji se cʌkku sʌniɑ-lɑ

father-H by knife sharpen-3SG.PRES.H
'A kinfe is sharpened by my father.'
In (38a-b), the honorificity in the active clause (38a) in the verb according to

honorific agent बाबुजी /bɑbuji/ 'father(H)' is neutralized in its passive counterpart in

(38b) due to promotion of the patient च`कु /cʌkku/ 'knife'. It has also been expressed

in (39a-b).
c) Expression of capacity

(39) a. पoवाहा गाछ पाङेला ।

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