Page 406 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

pʌŋwɑɦɑ ɡɑcʰ pɑŋelɑ
pʌŋwɑɦɑ ɡɑcʰ pɑŋ-elɑ

shortener tree trim-3SG.PRES
'A trimmer trims a tree.' (011.363)

b. पoवाहा से गाछ पाङाला ।
pʌŋwɑɦɑ se ɡɑcʰ pɑŋɑlɑ

pʌŋwɑɦɑ se ɡɑcʰ pɑŋ-ɑ-lɑ
shortener by tree trim-PASS-3SG.PRES

'A tree is trimmed by a trimmer.'
'A trimmer has the ability to trim a tree.'

d) Description of scientific experiment
As a universal usage, the scientific experiment is always expressed or
described in passive voice, as shown in (40a-b).

(40) a. रासायिनक प6रवतpन म) ताप उqपD होला ।

rɑsɑyʌnik pʌriwʌrtʌn mẽ tɑp utpʌnnʌ ɦolɑ
rɑsɑyʌnik pʌriwʌrtʌn mẽ tɑp utpʌnnʌ ɦo-lɑ

chemical change LOC heat generation be-3SG.PRES
'Heat is generated in a chemical change.'

b. भौितक प6रवतpन म) ताप उqपD ना होखे ।
b ̤ ɔtik pʌriwʌrtʌn mẽ tɑp utpʌnnʌ nɑ ɦokʰe

b ̤ ɔtik pʌriwʌrtʌn mẽ tɑp utpʌnnʌ nɑ ɦokʰ-e
physical change LOC heat generation NEG be-3SG.PRES

'Heat is not generated in a physical change.'
Both the sentences in (40a-b) are passive in scientific expression.
11.5 Summary

In this chapter, we examined the various types of non-declarative speech acts
formed by employing various morphosyntactic strategies in Bhojpuri. The non-

declarative speech acts in Bhojpuri include interrogative, imperative, optative and
hortative constructions. Polar questions in Bhojpuri are constructed simply through

the slightly raised intonation added to the questioned part of its declarative
counterpart. Alternative polar questions are made either simply juxtaposing the

alternates or mediated by alternative marker ;क /ki/. The constituent questions (wh-
questions) in Bhojpuri are formed with the help of different interrogative pronouns,

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