Page 399 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU
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lʌŋʈu se cʌʈɑi pʌr sutɑlɑ
lʌŋʈu se cʌʈɑi pʌr sut-ɑ-ilɑ
Langtu by mat LOC sleep-PASS-3SG.PRES
'A mat is slept on by Langtu.' (13.218)
i. Active
राम झटकल चलल ।
rɑm ȷ ̈ ʌʈkʌl cʌlʌl
rɑm ȷ ̈ ʌʈʌk-ʌl cʌl-ʌl
Ram march fast-PP walk-3SG.PST
'Ram walked fastly.' (13.219)
j. MANN topic-of-passive
राम kारा झटकल चलाइल ।
rɑm dwɑrɑ ȷ ̈ ʌʈkʌl cʌlɑil
rɑm dwɑrɑ ȷ ̈ ʌʈʌk-ʌl cʌl-ɑ-il
Ram by march fast-PP walk-PASS-3SG.PST
'There was fast walking by Ram.' (13.220)
As we find in Nepali (Givón, 2001b:148) and other neighbouring languages,
instrumantals can also be topic-of-passive in Bhojpuri. This is due to case-marking
identity of the instrumental, as shown in (34a-d):
(34) a. Active
नहनn नौह काटेला ।
nʌɦʌrni nɔɦ kɑʈelɑ
nʌɦʌrni nɔɦ kɑʈ-elɑ
nail-cutter nail cut-3SG.PRES
'A nail-cutter cuts nails.' (13.221)
b. INSTR topic-of-passive
नहनn से नौह कटाला ।
nʌɦʌrni se nɔɦ kʌʈɑlɑ
nʌɦʌrni se nɔɦ kɑʈ-ɑ-ilɑ
nail-cutter by nail cut-PASS-3SG.PRES
'Nails are cut by a nail-cutter.' (13.222)
c. Active
राम लाठी से कुदल ।
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