Page 397 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

dʌri kʰʌn-ɑ-il
grave dig-PASS-3SG.PST

'The grave was dug.' (11.022)
Except deletion of the agent/subject लोग /loɡ/ 'they' in (31b) the pair (31a-b)

deliver the same meaning. But Bhojpuri has also tradition of passivization of
intransitive verbs. Consider the following sentences:

(32) a. Active
हम हँिसले/हँसेनी ।

ɦʌm ɦʌ ̃ sile/ɦʌ ̃ seni

ɦʌm ɦʌ ̃ s-ile/-eni
1SG.NOM laugh-1.PRES.H
'I laugh' (Lohar, 2009: 145)

b. Passive-of-intransitive

हमरा से हँसाला/हँसल जाला ।
ɦʌmrɑ se ɦʌ ̃ sɑlɑ ɦʌ ̃ sʌl jɑlɑ

ɦʌm-ʌr-ɑ se ɦʌ ̃ s-ɑ-ilɑ ɦʌ ̃ s-ʌl jɑ-ilɑ
1SG-GEN-SPEC by laugh-PASS-3SG.PRES laugh-PP go-3SG.PRES
'It's laughed by me' (Lohar, 2009: 145)

In sentences (32a-b), (32b) is passive beyond transitivity. Besides, Bhojpuri
has also passive voice with bare dative as well as beyond patient/dative topic-of-

passive, as shown in (33a-j):
(33) a. Active

ऊ मेिघया के बPत मानेला ।
u meɡ ̈ iɑ ke bʌɦut mɑnelɑ

u meɡ ̈ iɑ ke bʌɦut mɑn-elɑ
3SG.NOM Meghia DAT very like-3.PRES

'He likes Meghia a lot.' (06.023)
b. DAT topic-of passive (bare dative)

मेिघया ओकरा kारा बPत मानल जाली ।

meɡ ̈ iɑ okrɑ dwɑrɑ bʌɦut mɑnʌl jɑli
meɡ ̈ iɑ u-ʌr-ɑ dwɑrɑ bʌɦut mɑn-ʌl jɑ-ili
Meghia 3SG-GEN-SPEC by very like-PP go-3SG.PRES.F.MH

'Meghia is liked by him a lot.'

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