Page 273 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

ɦʌm kʰud ke cin ̥ -ni
1SG.NOM self DAT know-PST.H

'I knew myself.' (13.197)
d) Causativization
As observed in Chitoniya Tharu (Paudyal 2013:335), Maithili (Yadav

1996:310-8), Awadhi (Saksena 1937/1971:288-9), Hindi (Koul 2008:98-100) and
Nepali (Adhikari 2016:302-10), Bhojpuri exhibits causativization as the valence

increasing operation. Let us consider the causative clauses, as shown in (27a-c).
(27) a. हम राजु से लुगा Mफचवइनी ।

ɦʌm rɑju se luɡɑ pʰĩcwʌini

ɦʌm rɑju se luɡɑ pʰĩc-wʌ-ini
1SG.NOM Raju by clothes wash-CAUS-PST.H
'I made Raju wash clothes.'

b. ऊ आज हमे खूब हँसइलस ।

u ɑj ɦʌme kʰub ɦʌ ̃ sʌilʌs
u ɑj ɦʌm-e kʰub ɦʌ ̃ s-ɑ-il-ʌs

3SG.NOM today 1SG-ACC excessively laugh-CAUS-PP-3SG.PST
'S/he made me laugh a lot today.'

c. तू हमरा से पानी भरवइलऽ ।
tu ɦʌmrɑ se pɑni b ̤ ʌrwʌilʌ

tu ɦʌm-ʌr-ɑ se pɑni b ̤ ʌr-wʌ-il-ʌ
2SG.NOM 1SG-GEN-DEF by water fill-CAUS-PP-2.PST.MH
'You made me pull water.'

Clauses (27a-c) show that the GR subjects हम /ɦʌm/ 'I' in (27a), non-honorific ऊ /u/

's/he' in (27b) and mid-honorific तू /tu/ 'you' in (27c) have caused the GR obects or DOs

राजु /rɑju/ 'Raju' in (27a) and हम /ɦʌm/ 'I' in (27b-c) to लुगा Mफच /luɡɑ pʰĩc/ 'wash clothes' in

̃
(27a), हँस /ɦʌs/ 'laugh' in (27b) and पानी भर /pɑni b ̤ ʌr/ 'pull water' in (27c). Thus, we
conclude that the S/A in Bhojpuri clauses clearly governs process of causativization.

e) Equi-NP deletion and grammatical relations
Equi-NP deletion is a syntactic process in which the co-referential

argument/NP in the complement clause is deleted. "Equi-NP deletion is the operation
which deletes a subject NP in an imbedded clause under coreferentiality with either

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