Page 388 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

ɡʌlti bɑt kɔn-o mʌt likʰ-ĩ
mistake matter who-EMPH neg write-IMP.H

'Please don't write anything wrong.' (04.109)
Bhojpuri has the usage of negative imperative for affirmative emphasis,
sometimes conditionally, as shown in (22):

(22) िनमन ढेउवा देता त ब)च ना द ।
̈
nimʌn ɖeuɑ detɑ tʌ bẽc nɑ dʌ
̈
nimʌn ɖeuɑ de-ʌt bɑ tʌ bẽc nɑ dʌ
good penny give-IMPF be.3SG.PRES COND sell NEG give.IMP.MH
'If he pays high, sell it now.' (11.061)

11.2.2 Hortative
According to Givόn (2011:306), the hortative speech act is more polite or less
direct manipulative speech act whereby the speaker invites a second-person

manipulee to join them in action. As attested with different suffixes in Chitoniya
Tharu (Paudyal 2013:215), Maithili (Yadav 1996:299), Hindi (Koul 2008:110) and

Nepali (Upadhyay 2010:105 and Adhikari 2016:252), the suffix -G /ĩ/ is attached to
the bare verb root in Bhojpuri for the referents, as shown in (23a-b):

(23) a. बड़ा घाम बा । चल3 तिनका गिछया म) छहाँ ल3 ।

bʌɽɑ ɡ ̈ ɑm bɑ cʌlĩ tʌnikɑ ɡʌcʰiɑ mẽ
bʌɽ-ɑ ɡ ̈ ɑm bɑ cʌl-ĩ tʌnikɑ ɡɑcʰi-ɑ mẽ

big-SPEC sun be.3SG.PRES walk-HORT little small tree-DET LOC

cʰʌɦɑ ̃ lĩ
cʰʌɦɑ ̃ le-ĩ
be cool take-HORT

'The sun is scorching. Let's go under the shade of the trees for a while and
be cool.' (11.022)

b. आवऽ, घरे चल3 ।
ɑwʌ ɡ ̈ ʌre cʌlĩ

ɑ-wʌ ɡ ̈ ʌr-e cʌl-ĩ
come-IMP.MH house-LOC walk-HORT

'Come on, let's go home.'
Hortative speect acts also express negation in Bhojpuri, as shown in (24):

(24) a. मौसम ठंढा बा । आज खीरा ना खाG ।

360