Page 385 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

As we observe in (15a-b), the addressee is present. In (15c) the second person
subject manipulee is also available, which we do not get in English. But Bhojpuri has

also imperative constructions exactly alike English, as shown in (16a-c) in terms of
absence of the addressee in the forms of clauses.

(16) a. िबछौना के बाँG कात देख ।
bicʰɔnɑ ke bɑ ̃ ĩ kɑt dekʰ

bed GEN left end see.IMP
'Look at the left end of the bed.' (010.540)

b. जो इहाँ से ।

jo iɦɑ ̃ se kɔno kɑm nʌikʰe
jɑ-o iɦɑ ̃ se kɔno kɑm nʌikʰe
go-IMP here source any work not to be

'Get out from here.' (010.400)

c. होई, कुछ देर बाद कर3 ।
ɦoi kucʰ der bɑd kʌrĩ

ɦo-i kucʰ der bɑd kʌr-ĩ
be-3SG.FUT something late later do-IMP.H
'Yea, please do in a little while.' (010.012)

If the subject manipulee is plural, sometimes, the collective marker स /sʌ/ or

सन /sʌn/ is employed. But it is not compulsory to encode the subject-verb agreement.

Moreover, honorificity matters for the verb final particles and Bhojpuri imperatives
have three layers: non-honorific, mid-honorific and full honorific.
a) Non-honorific

For non-honorific manipulee, the verb ends with suffix -ओ /-o/ or -ए /-e/ with

some of the verb stems with vowel final and the consonant final stems remain the
same, as shown in (17a-c):

(17) a. जो इहाँ से ।
jo iɦɑ ̃ se

jɑ-o iɦɑ ̃ se
go-IMP here ABL

'Get out from here.' (011.400)
b. लभकके दे ... ।

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