Page 192 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

to grind' to grind'

फ) का /pʰẽkɑ/ 'be thrown' फ) क /pʰẽk/ 'throw' फ) का /pʰẽkɑ/ 'help फ) कवा /pʰẽkwɑ/
to throw' 'cause to throw'

बऩा /bʌn ̥ ɑ/ 'be bound' बाऩ /bɑn ̥ / 'bind' बऩा /bʌn ̥ ɑ/ 'help बऩवा /bʌn ̥ wɑ/ 'cause

to bind' to bind'
बोआ /boɑ/ 'be sown' बो /bo/ 'sow' बोआ /boɑ/ 'help बोवा /bowɑ/ 'cause

to sow' to sow'

बोला /bolɑ/ 'be spoken' बोल /bol/ 'speak' बोला /bolɑ/ 'help बोलवा /bolwɑ/
to speak' 'cause to speak'

रखा /rʌkʰɑ/ 'be put' राख /rɑkʰ/ 'put' रखा /rʌkʰɑ/ 'help रखवा /rʌkʰwɑ/

to put' 'cause to put'
समझ /sʌmʌȷ ̈ / 'be समझ /sʌmʌȷ ̈ / समझा /sʌmʌȷ ̈ ɑ/ समझवा /sʌmʌȷ ̈ wɑ/

understood' 'understand' 'explain' 'cause to explain'

िसख /sikʰ/ 'be learned' िसख /sikʰ/ 'learn' िसखा /sikʰɑ/ िसखवा /sikʰwɑ/
'teach' 'cause to teach'

सुना /sunɑ/ 'be heard' सुन /sun/ 'hear' सुना /sunɑ/ 'tell' सुनवा /sunwɑ/ 'cause

to tell'
Where there is the same structure in passive and causative, the passives take

suffix -इल /-il/ as कहाइल /kʌɦɑil/ 'to be or have been said' and the causatives -वल /-

wʌl/ as कहावल /kʌɦɑwʌl/ 'caused to be or have been said' for infinitive/perfect
participles respectively. But the same form in passive and transitive are contextually
differentiated, as in (64a-b).

(64) a. गिणत हमर समझल बा ।

ɡʌnit ɦʌmʌr sʌmȷ ̈ ʌl bɑ
ɡʌnit ɦʌm-ʌr sʌmʌȷ ̈ -ʌl bɑ

Mathematics 1SG-GEN understand-PP be.3SG.PRES
'Mathematics is understood by me.'
b. दुिनया समझल कCठन बा ।

duniɑ sʌmȷ ̈ ʌl kʌʈʰin bɑ

duniɑ sʌmʌȷ ̈ -ʌl kʌʈʰin bɑ
world understand-INF hard be.3SG.PRES

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