Page 191 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

Table 6.4 Passivity, Transitivity and causativity
Passive Intransitive Transitive/Causative Causative

मरा /mʌr ɑ/ 'be मर /mʌr/ 'die' मार /mɑr/ 'beat or kill' मरवा /mʌrwɑ/ 'cause to

beaten or killed' be beaten or killed'
चढ़ /cʌɽ ̊ / 'rise चढ़ा /cʌɽ ̊ ɑ/ 'to raise' चढ़वा /cʌɽ ̊ wɑ/ 'cause to

up' rise up'
उड़ /uɽ/ 'fly' उड़ा /uɽɑ/ 'fly' उड़वा /uɽwɑ/ 'cause to

fly'

िगर /ɡir/ 'fall' िगरा /ɡirɑ/ 'fell' िगरवा /ɡirwɑ/ 'cause to

fell'
धरा /d ̤ ʌrɑ/ 'be ध /d ̤ ʌ/ 'be kept' धर /d ̤ ʌr / 'keep' धरा /d ̤ ʌrɑ/ or धरवा

kept' /d ̤ ʌrwɑ/ 'cause to keep'

बदला /bʌdʌlɑ/ 'be बदल /bʌdʌl/ बदलवा /bʌdʌlwɑ/ 'cause
changed' 'change' to be changed'

There are some verb stems inherently transitive and they are changed into
passive, causative and bi-causative as in the Table 6.5.

Table 6.5 Passivity and causativity
Passive/Intransitive Transitive Causative Bi-causative

कहा /kʌɦɑ/ 'be said' कह /kʌɦ/ 'say' कहा /kʌɦɑ/ 'cause कहवा /kʌɦwɑ/ 'cause
to say' to be said'

गना /ɡʌnɑ/ 'be counted' गन /ɡʌn/ 'count' गना /ɡʌnɑ/ 'cause गनवा /ɡʌnwɑ/ 'cause

to count' to be counted'
िजता /jitɑ/ 'be िजत /jit/ िजता /jitɑ/ 'help िजतवा /jitwɑ/ 'cause

conquered' 'conquer' to conquer' to conquer'

देखा /dekʰɑ/ 'be seen' देख /dekʰ/ 'see' देखा /dekʰɑ/ देखवा /dekʰwɑ/
'show' 'cause to show'

पढ़ा /pʌɽ ̊ ɑ/ 'be read' पढ़ /pʌɽ ̊ / 'read' पढ़ा /pʌɽ ̊ ɑ/ 'teach' पढ़वा /pʌɽ ̊ wɑ/ 'cause

to read or teach'
पकड़ा /pʌkʌɽɑ/ 'be पकड़ /pʌkʌɽ/ पकड़ा /pʌkʌɽɑ/ पकड़वा /pʌkʌɽwɑ/

caught' 'catch' 'cause to catch' 'cause to be caught'

िपसा /pisɑ/ 'be ground' िपस /pis/ 'grind' िपसा /pisɑ/ 'help िपसवा /piswɑ/ 'cause

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