Page 146 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

5.3.4 Partial vs. complete
a) Partial assimilation

Assimilation to either point or manner of articulation, producing similar
segments is partial assimilation, already discussed.

b) Complete assimilation
Assimilation to both point and manner of articulation, producing identical
segments, is complete assimilation.

The voiceless unaspirated dental stop त् /t/ is subject to complete assimilation

in regressive order with its voiced counterpart द् /d/, the voiceless unaspirated apico-

alveolar stop ट् /ʈ/ and its voiced counterpart ड् /ɖ/, voiceless unaspirated palato-
alveolar affricate च् /c/ and its voiced counterpart ज् /j/. It is formalized in (31a-d).

(31) a. इजत् /ijʌt/ ‘prestige’ + दार /dɑr/ ‘owner’ = इजTार /ijʌddɑr/ 'prestigious': त् /t/

+ द् /d/ = Uद् /dd/.

b. सात्/sɑt/ ‘seven’ + टन /ʈʌn/ ‘tonne’ = सा\न/sɑʈʈʌn/ 'seven tonnes': त् /t/ + ट् /ʈ/

= "ट् /ʈʈ/.

c. सात् /sɑʈ/ ‘seven’ + ड7ढ़आ /ɖʌɽ ̊ iɑ/ ‘branches’ = स`7ढ़आ /sʌɖɖʌɽ ̊ iɑ/ 'having seven

branches': त् /t/ + ड् /ɖ/ = aड् /ɖɖ/, with vowel raising in the preceding segment.
d. सात् /sɑt/ ‘true’ + जन /jʌn/ = सgन /sɑjjʌn/ 'seven people': त् /t/ + ज् /j/ = g् /jj/.

The breathy dental ध /d̤ / is completely assimilated regressively with its

unaspirated voiced counterpart द /d/, as shown in (32a-b).

(32) a. दुध् /dud ̤ / + दही /dʌɦi/ = दुद् दही /duddʌɦi/ 'milk and curd': द् /d/ + थ् /tʰ/ = द् द् /dd/.

b. िगध् /ɡid ̤ / ‘vulture’ + दृिD /drisʈi/ ‘vision’ = िगUदृिD /ɡiddrisʈi/ ‘cunning

sight’: द् /d/ + थ् /tʰ/ = द् द् /dd/.

The voiceless unaspirated velar stop क /k/ is completely assimilated with its
voiced counterpart ग /ɡ/, as shown in (33a-b):

(33) a. एक् /ek/ ‘one’ + गाड़ी /ɡɑɽi/ ‘cart’ = एWगाड़ी /eɡɡɑɽi/ 'a cart-load': क् /k/ + ग्/ɡ/

= ग् ग् /ɡɡ/.

b. एक् /ek/ ‘one’ + गोड़े /ɡoɽe/ ‘legged’ = एWगोड़े /eɡɡoɽe/ ‘one-legged’: क् /k/ +

ग्/ɡ/ = ग् ग् /ɡɡ/.

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