Page 506 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

kʌleyɑ kɑ jʌɡe ɦʌm ɡʌur cʌl ɡʌini
kʌleyɑ kɑ jʌɡe ɦʌm ɡʌur cʌl jɑ-ini

Kalaiya GEN place 1SG.NOM Gaur walk go-PST.H
'Instead of Kalaiya, I went to Gaur.' (13.071)

c. खेती-!कसानी कइला के बदले ई खेतोत ब2चके सहर म2 बइठे के िमलो ।
kʰeti kisɑni kʌilɑ ke bʌdle i kʰetot

kʰeti kisɑni kʌr-il-ɑ ke bʌdle i kʰet-ot

farming peasantry do-PP-SEQ GEN instead of PROX farm-ONM

bẽcke sʌɦʌr mẽ bʌiʈʰe ke milo
bẽc-ke sʌɦʌr mẽ bʌiʈʰ-e ke mil-o
sell-SEQ town LOC live-PUR OBL get-OPT

'We may live in a town selling all the farm-land, instead of being involved
in farming.' (02.010)

Besides, a comparative form 'X-ing a, is better than X-ing b' to express
substitutive function is also possible to be used. In Bhojpuri, the conjunction of

comparision से /se/ 'that' is used to perform the very function, as shown in (53):
(53) लोग के कहलऽ से हमरा के कहतऽ ।

loɡ ke kʌɦlʌ se ɦʌmrɑ ke kʌɦtʌ
loɡ ke kʌɦ-ʌl-ʌ se ɦʌm-ʌr-ɑ ke kʌɦ-tʌ

people GEN say-PP-2.PST.MH CAUS 1SG-GEN-DEF DAT say-2.IPST.MH

'What you told people, you would have told me that.' (13.072)
A substitutive reading of an utterance-complement with direct-quote marker

!क /ki/ is also possible and may very well be the preferred way of expressing

substitution. This interpretation is also supported by उnटा /ulʈɑ/ 'on the contrary to', as
shown in (54a-b):

(54) a. जइसे हम कहनी !क ढdढ़ाइ के जाएके रहे काठमाड़ो, पUँच गइल !दnली ।
̈
jʌise ɦʌm kʌɦni ki ɖoɽ ̊ ɑi ke jɑeke rʌɦe
̈
jʌise ɦʌm kʌɦ-ni ki ɖoɽ ̊ ɑi ke jɑ-eke rʌɦ-e
as 1SG say-PST.H COMP Dhondhai GEN go-OBL live-3.PST

kɑʈʰmɑɽo pʌɦũc ɡʌil dilli

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