Page 505 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

13.2.4 Concessive adverbial clauses
There is no unique strategy probably for forming concessive clauses. It is

almost similar to that of concessive conditionality already presented. A conjunction
with "adversative" reading can, for instance, be used for this purpose with or without
the contrary-to-expectation particles meant 'also, even'. As displayed in Chitoniya

Tharu (Paudyal 2013:273), Maithili (Yadav 1996:373 and Yadav 2014:131) and
Hindi (Koul 2008:205), concessive adverbial clauses in Bhojpuri has been presented

as shown in (51a-b).
(51) a. शादा खाना खाइओके ऊ िनरोग ना रहल ।

sɑdɑ kʰɑnɑ kʰɑioke u niroɡ nɑ rʌɦʌl

sɑdɑ kʰɑnɑ kʰɑ-io-ke u niroɡ nɑ rʌɦ-ʌl
simple food eat-EMPH.SEQ 3SG healthy NEG live-3SG.PST
'He didn't keep healthy in spite of having plain food.' (13.069)

b. लोक सेवा त देनी, बाँ!कर नाम ना िनकली ।

lok sewɑ tʌ deni bɑ ̃ kir nɑm nɑ nikli
lok sewɑ tʌ de-ni bɑ ̃ kir nɑm nɑ nikʌl-i

public service COND give-PST.H but name NEG release-3.FUT
'I competed in the Public Service Commission, though my name won't be

published.' (13.070)
13.2.5 Substitutive adverbial clauses
Substitutive clause is the one in which the action is completed by one instead

of the other. Givón (2001b:336) describes it as closely akin to concessive ones,
coding an event or state that is expected, via some pragmatic presupposition, however

subtle, to be the case but it isn't. As discussed in Maithili (Yadav 2014:133), the
substitutive functions in Bhojpuri are expressed with phrase के /ke/ or का /kɑ/ followed

by साँितर /sɑtir/ or जगे /jʌɡe/ or बदले /bʌdle/ equivalent to 'at the place of' or 'instead
̃
of', as shown in (52a-c).
(52) a. हम रात म2 भात का साँितर रोटी खानी ।

ɦʌm rɑt mẽ b ̤ ɑt kɑ sɑ ̃ tir roʈi kʰɑni

ɦʌm rɑt mẽ b ̤ ɑt kɑ sɑ ̃ tir roʈi kʰɑ-ni
1SG.NOM night LOC boiled rice GEN SUB chapatti eat-PRES.H
'I have chapattis in stead of rice in the evening.'

b. कलेया का जगे हम गौर चल गइनी ।

477