Page 344 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

u sʌb sunʌt rʌɦli
u sʌb sun-ʌt rʌɦ-ʌl-i

3SG.NOM all listen-IMPF live-PP-3.PST-F.MH
'... she was hearing all.' (07.025)

Hence, we observe that there are two forms of verbs, either marked with -अत /-ʌt/

as imperfective or with -अल /-ʌl/ as perfective, followed by copula रह rʌɦ that agrees with
the subject/agent according to its person, gender, number and honorificity. Table 10.8

presents past progressive paradigms of copula रह /rʌɦ/ 'be' that literarily means 'live'.

Table 10.8 Paradigms of the copula रह /rʌɦ/ 'be' in past progressive
Number

Person Gender Honorificity Singular Plural
1/2/3 M/F H रहनी /rʌɦnĩ/

2 M MH रहलऽ /rʌɦlʌ/

2 F MH रहलू /rʌɦlu/

2 M/F NH रहिलस /rʌɦlis/ or रहले /rʌɦle/

3 M MH रहस /rʌɦʌs/ or रहल& /rʌɦlẽ/

रहलेन /rʌɦlen/ or रहलन /rʌɦlʌn/

3 F MH रहली /rʌɦli/

3 M/F NH रहे /rʌɦe/
Going through the exemplificaions and the Table 10.8, the paradigms of copula

रह /rʌɦ/ seem to be coincided with verb देख /dekʰ/ 'see' as presented in Table 10.3.

Moreover, a new morpheme -अस /-ʌs/ is added in third person masculine mid-honorific
in both the numbers as well as -ए /-e/ has come to suffix the stem रह /rʌɦ/ instead of -

लस /-lʌs/, -लक /-lʌk/, -लख /-lʌkʰ/ what we observe with देख /dekʰ/ 'see' in Table 10.2.
Typologically it seems close with Maithili but not with Nepali or Hindi or Awadhi.

(ii) Future Progressive
It seems to be very close to past progressive but dissociating also as the copula

रह /rʌɦ/ as well as हो /ɦo/ and होख /ɦokʰ/ marks future progressive. Let us observe the
instances (5a-k).

(5) a. हम पढ़त रहेम ।

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