Page 468 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

(vis-à-vis the basic SOV word order) and are expected to be so when used this way. But
that is never allowed with any form of the verb कह /kʌɦ-/ 'say, call', as shown in (4a-b).

(4) a. लइका एगो िपQी तोड़के बु!ढ़आ के कहलक, ‘गे बु!ढ़आ दाई, िपFठआ भुइआँ म2 िगरा दी ँ ?’

lʌikɑ eɡo piʈʈʰi toɽke buɽ ̊ iɑ ke kʌɦlʌk
lʌikɑ ek-ɡo piʈʈʰi toɽ-ke buɽ ̊ -i-ɑ ke kʌɦ-ʌl-ʌkʰ

boy one-CLF cake pluck-SEQ old-F-DET DAT say-PP-3.PST

buɽ ̊ iɑ ke kʌɦlʌk ɡe buɽ ̊ iɑ dɑi piʈʈʰiɑ
buɽ ̊ -i-ɑ ke kʌɦ-ʌl-ʌkʰ ɡe buɽ ̊ iɑ dɑi piʈʈʰi-ɑ
old-F-DET DAT say-PP-3.PST VOC.F old-F-DET grandma cake-DET

b ̤ uiɑ ̃ mẽ ɡirɑ dĩ
b ̤ uiɑ ̃ mẽ ɡir-ɑ de-ĩ

ground LOC fall-CAUS give-OPT
'The boy plucked a cake and said to the old woman, "O my Old Grandma,

can I let the cake fall on the ground?"' (05.011)
b. ‘ऊ हमर जान बँचा देलक’ कहत दुखा बUत खुश भइल आ राजु के धVयवाद देत िमठाई बँटलख ।

u ɦʌmʌr jɑn bʌ ̃ cɑ delʌk kʌɦʌt dukʰɑ
u ɦʌmʌr jɑn bʌ ̃ c-ɑ de-ʌl-ʌkʰ kʌɦ-ʌt dukʰɑ

3SG 1SG.GEN life save-CAUS give-PP-3.PST say-SIM Dukha

bʌɦut kʰus b ̤ ʌil ɑ rʌju ke d ̤ ʌnyʌbɑd
bʌɦut kʰus b ̤ ʌ-il ɑ rɑju ke d ̤ ʌnyʌbɑd
very happy become-3SG.PST and Raju DAT thank

det miʈʰɑi bʌ ̃ ʈlʌkʰ
de-ʌt miʈʰɑi bɑ ̃ ʈ-ʌl-ʌkʰ

give-SIM sweet divide-PP-3.PST
'Saying, "He saved my life", Dukha became very very happy and

distributed sweets thanking Raju.' (13.075)
Straightforwardly and literally, the verb कह /kʌɦ/ 'say' refers back to what was

actually uttered, but when especially combined with another utterance predicate and/or

!क /ki/ preceding the utterance, it becomes an end-of-quotation marker by effect,
particularly in its participial shape कहत /kʌɦʌt/ or कहके /kʌɦke/.

(5) a. ‘ऊ हमर जान बँचा देलक’ कहत दुखा बUत खुश भइल ... ।

u ɦʌmʌr jɑn bʌ ̃ cɑ delʌk kʌɦʌt dukʰɑ

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