Page 430 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

sʌmʌȷ ̈ -ni
understand-PST.H

'I understood the teacher to be my ideal.' (12.113)
b) Raising to subject
Sometimes the passive variant of raising to objects is involved in raising to

subject, as shown in (15a-d).
(15) a. Semantic leitmotif

ऊ खुबसुरत िबआ ।

u kʰubsurʌt biɑ
u kʰubsurʌt biɑ

3SG.NOM beautiful be.3.SG.PRES.F
'She is beautiful.' (09.500)
b. Unraised verbal complement

हमनी मानेनी 'क ऊ खुबसुरत िबआ ।

ɦʌmni mɑneni ki u kʰubsurʌt biɑ
ɦʌm-ni mɑn-eni ki u kʰubsurʌt biɑ

1SG-PL accept-PRES.H COMP 3SG beautiful be.3SG.PRES.F
'We consider that she is beautiful.' (12.114)

c. Raised to object
हमनी ओके खुबसुरत मानेनी ।

ɦʌmni oke kʰubsurʌt mɑneni
ɦʌm-ni u-ke kʰubsurʌt mɑn-eni

1SG-PL 3SG-DAT beautiful accept-PRES.H
'We consider her beautiful.' (12.115)
d. Raised to subject

ऊ खुबसुरत मानल जाली ।

u kʰubsurʌt mɑnʌl jɑli
u kʰubsurʌt mɑn-ʌl jɑ-ili

3SG beautiful believe-PP go-3.PRES.F.MH
'She is considered beautiful.' (12.116)

Raising to object is considered to be a transformational prerequisite to raising
to subject according to generative approach. But it collapses in the case of verbs that
allow raising to subject but not raising to object, as shown in (16a-d).

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