Page 325 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

b) Tense-aspect-modal morphology
In general, the inherent characteristics of the Bhojpuri verb stems are presented

in non-honorific imperative mood. They are suffixed by -इल /-il/ or -अल /-ʌl/ or

sometimes by -वल /-wʌl/ that present them in infinitive or perfective aspects. Generally
the infinitive/perfective suffix -अल /-ʌl/ turns into -वल /-wʌl/ with the long back vowel -

आ /-a/ final verb stem. Hence, the order of tense, aspect and modal morphemes in

Bhojpuri may be observed either suffixed with the verb stem or following the
6
infinitive/perfective paradigms.
c) Negation morpheme
There are some negative morphemes in Bhojpuri either as prefix to the nouns,

adjectives and infinitives/perfectives or separate prepositions to the adverbs or finite
verbs, as presented in (47a-e).

(47) a. Prefix to a noun
ब`त अबेर हो गइल, तिनका रzतार बढ़ावऽ ।

bʌɦut ʌber ɦo ɡʌil tʌnikɑ rʌpʰtɑr
bʌɦut ʌ-ber ɦo jɑ-il tʌnikɑ rʌpʰtɑr

very NEG-time be go-3SG.PST little speed

bʌɽ ̊ ɑwʌ
bʌɽ ̊ -ɑ-wʌ
increase-CAUS-IMP.MH

'It's too late, please increase your speed.' (09.206)
b. Prefix to an adjective
हरदम चूप रहल बेठीक बा ।

ɦʌrdʌm cup rʌɦʌl beʈʰik bɑ
ɦʌrdʌm cup rʌɦ-ʌl be-ʈʰik bɑ
always silent live-INF NEG-right be.3SG.PRES

'To be silent all the time is wrong.'
c. Prefix to an infinitive/perfective

बेकहल काम मत कर ।
bekʌɦʌl kɑm mʌt kʌr

6. Tense-aspect-modality has been discussed in Chapter 10 in detail.
297