Page 236 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

pattern are also discussed along with complement-taking verbs and to some extent
analytically challenging conjunct verbs too.

Table 7.2 Summary of valence patterns
Basic pattern Intransitive Transitive

Simple NPSBJ V NPSBJ NPDO V
With indirect object NPSBJ PP/NPIO V NPSBJ NPDO PP/NPIO V

7.2.2 Simple intransitive verbs
Intransitive verbs simply code states, events or actions. Their typical pattern is
to take a single argument in the form of a subject noun phrase coded in the

nominative: NPSBJ V as shown in (15a-c).

(15) a. ... ... दुःिखया दुःख रोए ... ...
dukʰiɑ dukʰ roe

dukʰ-iɑ dukʰ ro-e
sorrow-ADJ misery cry-PRES

' The sufferer cries on his sorrow ' (10.059)
b. ऊ सँिझया आइल ।

u sʌ ̃ ȷ ̈ iɑ ɑil
u sʌ ̃ ȷ ̈ iɑ ɑ-il

3SG.NOM in the evening come-3.PST
'He came in the evening.' (07.010)
c. लमढेङ आदमी चल देलख ।

̈
lʌmɖeŋ ɑdmi cʌl delʌkʰ
̈
lʌmɖeŋ ɑdmi cʌl de-ʌl-ʌkʰ
tall man walk give-PP-3.PST

'The tall man left.' (07.028)
A number of such verbs are process verbs and the subject noun phrase has a

semantic role that could be described as a patient-of-change (Givón 2001a:125)
whether human, animate or inanimate:

मर /mʌr/ 'die' जी /ji/ 'live, revive'

टुट /ʈuʈ/ 'break' िपआस /piɑs/ 'be thirsty'
̃
अँकुर /ʌkur/ 'germinate' िगर /ɡir/ 'fall'
मरक /mʌrʌk/ 'fracture' भूख /b ̤ ukʰ/ 'be hungry'

208