Page 214 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

In Bhojpuri, -ए /-e/ has been obtained through such processes from different

types of grammatical words:
(i) Adverb of place: भीतर /b ̤ itʌr/ > म) /mẽ/ > ए /-e/ 'in' and ऊपर /upʌr/ > पर

/pʌr/ > प /pʌ/ > पे /pe/ > ए /-e/ 'on'. In both the cases adverbs of place have

been grammaticalized into locative case marker postpositions as well as
into clitic/suffix used as shown in (101a-b).

(101) Locative
a. मने धाअ ।

mʌne dʰɑʌ
mʌn-e dʰɑ-ʌ

mind-LOC remember-3SG.PRES
th
'Something is remembered mentally.' (Dāmodara 1953:8, 12 Century)
b. जीभ) चाखऽ ।
jib ̤ ẽ cɑkʰʌ

jib ̤ -e cɑkʰ-ʌ
tongue-LOC taste-3SG.PRES

th
'Something is tasted on tongue.' (Dāmodara 1953:6, 12 Century)
(ii) Interrogative pronoun: कौन /kɔn/ or के /ke/ > के /ke/ > ए /-e/ 'to'. In this

stage the interrogative pronoun कौन /kɔn/ or के /ke/ 'who' is

grammaticalized into an accusative/dative के /ke/ and it is further
grammaticalized into clitic -ए /-e/ as a suffix, shown in (102a-b).

(102) Accusative/dative

a. हमे कह ।
ɦʌme kʌɦ

ɦʌm-e kʌɦ
1SG-DAT say.IMP
'Tell me.'

b. तोहे िपटेम

toɦe piʈem
tu-e piʈ-em

2SG-ACC beat-FUT.H
'I'll beat you.'

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