Page 413 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

also underscored by their characteristic low anaphoric distance. Typically, their
discourse antecedent is found within the preceding 2-3 clauses, already discussed in

this subsection." (Givón, 2001b:262)
Besides, an important property of Y-movement clauses is that they fall under a
single intonation contour. In this way they contrast with L-dislocation where the

fronted constituent is separated from the rest of the clause by a pause. They are
discussed in Bhojpuri as follows:

(5) a. Subject contrast
काहे &क कमD NेO ह बाँ&कर जPम ना ।

kɑɦe ki kʌrmʌ sresʈʰ ɦʌ bɑ ̃ kir jʌnm nɑ

why COMP work superior be.3SG.PRES but birth NEG
'Because work is superior but BIRTH is not. (07.082)
b. Object contrast

गाजर हमरा मन परेला ।

ɡɑjʌr ɦʌmrɑ mʌn pʌrelɑ
ɡɑjʌr ɦʌm-ʌr-ɑ mʌn pʌr-elɑ

carrot 1SG-GEN-SPEC mind fall-3SG.PRES
'... CARROTS I like.' (06.038)

12.1.3 Left dislocation
a) Functional dimentions
"L-dislocation is typically a device to mark topical referents, most commonly

definite and anaphoric ones that have been out of the focus of attention for a while
2
and is being brought back into the discourse. That the L-dislocation referent must be
anaphorically topical and attested by the fact that it may be either definite or generic
but never REF-indefinite" (Givón, 2001b:265). The anaphoric distance (AD) of L-
dislocated referents, as Givon (2001b:265) has noted, is one of the highest of all

referent-coding devices. It can be exemplified in Bhojpuri as shown in (6a-s).

(6) a. त हम जब पिQका लेके गइनी त िसिडयो, ऊ हमरा पर बड़ा बोलल", बड़ा िखिसअइल" ।
tʌ ɦʌm jʌb pʌtrikɑ leke ɡʌini tʌ

2. Dislocation (left and right) refers to the placing of a clause element outside the syntactic boundaries
of the clause. Sometimes dislocation is referred to as extraposition. Left-dislocation is sometimes
referred to as pre-posing and right-dislocation as post-posing (Payne, 1997:273).
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