Page 364 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

g. जइसे सिस काँप रा" डर ना । (Vidyapati Verse 147)

jʌise sʌsi kɑ ̃ p rɑɦu ɖʌr nɑ
jʌise sʌsi kɑ ̃ p rɑɦu ɖʌr nɑ
rel moon tremble Rahu fear NEG

'Such as the moon trembles, but not Rahu, before eclipse.' (Gupt 1910:76)
10.3.2 Evaluative (deontic) modality

The evaluative (deontic) modality describes the internal or external ability of
the willful agent with respect to the completion or the predicate system. It may be

combined with any of the tenses.
There are two kinds of evaluative (deontic) modalities in Bhojpuri: ability and

obligation. They are coded by the verbal affixes.
a) Ability
The ability indicates that the agent of the verb has the mental or physical

ability to complete the action of the main verb. It is indicated in the complex of the

verb by the ability copula सक /sʌk/ 'can' with agreement morphology.
(19) a. बेसी आग पर सेदल जर सकेला ।

besi ɑɡ pʌr sedʌl jʌr sʌkelɑ

besi ɑɡ pʌr sed-ʌl jʌr sʌk-elɑ
more fire LOC bake-INF root can-3SG.PRES
'To bake something on high fire can burn.' (010.185)

b. अपराध फाँसी के फं दा तक प"ँचा सकेला ।

ʌprɑd ̤ pʰɑ ̃ si ke pʰʌndɑ tʌk pʌɦũcɑ sʌkelɑ
ʌprɑd ̤ pʰɑ ̃ si ke pʰʌndɑ tʌk pʌɦũc-ɑ sʌk-elɑ
crime execution GEN noose till reach-CAUS can-3SG.PRES

'The crime can push upto noose of execution.' (010.247)
c. हम दउर सकेनी ।
ɦʌm dʌur sʌkeni

ɦʌm dʌur sʌk-eni
1SG.NOM run can-PRES.H

'I can run.' (Khatri, 2012:40)
d. तू एह लकड़ी के बेध सकेलऽ ।

tu eɦ lʌkʌɽi ke bed ̤ sʌkelʌ

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