Page 450 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

lekin sʌmɛ ke ʌpne ɡʌti bɑ u cʌlte
lekin sʌmɛ ke ʌpne ɡʌti bɑ u cʌl-ʌt-e

but time GEN self speed be.3SG.PRES 3SG walk-IMPF-EMPH

rʌɦi
rʌɦ-i
live-3.SG.FUT

'But the time has its own speed, it will be going on.' (03.391)
In (35a-c), the reflexive morpheme अपने /ʌpne/ has been used as 'slef' in (35a)

and as 'own' in (35b-c) respectively but not as reflexive.
12.2.2 Contrastive strength

A language may have a variety of contrastive grammatical devices probably
functionally related but by no means interchangeable (Givón, 2001b:224).

In this sub-section three levels of contrastiveness in Bhojpuri will be considered,
coded by three grammatical devices, all apparently ranking above 'neutral'.

a) Contrastive stress devices
There are three devices in Bhojpuri characterized by contrastive stress on the
focus constituent – stress-focus, cleft, and pseudo-cleft. Let us take a simple clause in

neutral position:

(36) राजु गाय दुही ।
rɑju ɡɑe duɦi

rɑju ɡɑe duɦ-i
Raju cow milk-3SG.FUT
'Raju will milk the cow.' (06.013)

(i) Stress focus
The stress is expressed with loudness of a constituent in Bhojpuri. Under contrastive

focus, the loudness of the different constituent is raised. In this context the simple clause in
(36) can be uttered in different ways to express stress-focus as shown in (37a-c):

(37) a. राजु गाय दुही ।
rɑju ɡɑe duɦi

rɑju ɡɑe duɦ-i
Raju cow milk-3SG.FUT

'RAJU will milk the cow.' (06.013)
b. राजु गाय दुही ।

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