Page 107 - Bhojpuri Verb Morphology

aspects; these are past, present and future perfect. Likewise imperfective aspect is

divided further into habitual and durative imperfect. Durative imperfect is again
classified into past, present and future. Durative imperfective is also classified into
past, present and future. Habitual aspect is same as simple past and present tense in

Bhojpuri. The perfective marker is - and durative marker is -. There are different

auxiliaries for every aspect except habitual aspect. These are  for past,  for
present and /for future.

Five types of mood are discussed here: Declarative(indicative), interrogative,

imperative, optative and conditional(subjunctive).

In Bhojpuri  and  are negativizing morphemes, which are prefixed to verb to
negativize the clause or sentence. The negative auxiliary  takes the place of

auxiliary in negative counterpart. There is also another kind of negation which is

obtained by using the correlated coordinator …….. 'neither…..nor'.

There are three copulas available in Bhojpuri. These are -, - and -. In

Bhojpuri  can be considered as existential copula and auxiliary/copula  functions

as an identificational copula. Copula - performs two main functions: It acts as
copula or main verb or as the 'helping' verb.

Morphological and syntactic causativization are found in Bhojpuri. In the former,
affixation, internal modification, cluster simplification processes are involved while in
later, the vector verb - bears the meaning of 'cause', which follows the infinitive

form of main verb. Two types of passivization processes are found in Bhojpuri. The

first type passivization is formed by either of the suffix -, -, -or-, to

the verb stem followed by the verb  'go and the second type of passivization is

formed by suffixing - to the non-passive main verb.

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