Page 50 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

Figure 2.2 Communicative coding system
COMMUNICATIVE CODING SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL SENSORY-MOTOR CODES
Phonetics,
Phonology and Neurology

GRAMMATICAL CODES

PRIMARY GRAMMATICAL CODES
Morphology: Clause level melodic contours
& word level stress or tone
Rythmics: Place or length & pauses
Order of words or morphemes

ABSTRACT GRAMMATICAL CODES
Hierarchic constituency organization: Morphemes into words,
words into phrases & phrases into clauses
The grammatical category-levels: Noun, verb, adjective &
noun phrase, verb phrase
Scope and relevance relations: Operator-operand relations,
noun-modifier relations & subject-object relations
Government and control relations: agreement, co-reference,
modality & finiteness

DISCOURSE-PRAGMATIC CODES
Grammatical roles
Definiteness & reference
Anaphora, pronoun & agreement
Tense, aspect, modality & negations
De-transitive voice
Topicalization
Focus & contrast
Relativization
Speech acts
Clause conjunction & subordination

Source: Adapted from Regmi (2013:28) on the basis of Govón (2001a:11-3)

It may be clearly observed in figure 2.2 that there are three communicative
coding instruments in a human language. The peripheral sensory-motor codes apply at

the conceptual lexicon where the meaningful words are coded with sounds. Primary
grammatical codes are used to convey propositional information where clauses are
coded with grammar. The propositions (i.e., clauses) express information. Discourse-

pragmatic coding entities apply in multi-propositional discourse components of

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