Page 484 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

participial construction, either in same-subject or in different-subject clause chaining
would certainly qualify as "absolute" adverbial clause, because of their wide scope

and their lack of explicit signals as to the exact semantic relationship between non-
final and final clauses. Their function in the discourse is often inferred from the
context. As already pointed out, it is not always very obvious where to draw the line

between such partially independent chained clauses and clauses that to a larger extent
are interpretable as adverbial and dependent vis-à-vis one particular main clause.

As mentioned in Chitoniya Tharu (2013:362), Maithili (Yadav 2014:107),
Hindi (Koul 2008:198) and Nepali (Adhikari 2016:384), a number of different

construction types are available in Bhojpuri for clauses functioning adverbially as
observed in Shukla (1981:203-6), Tripathy (1987:165-6), Shrivastava (1999:115-6),

Sharma and Ashk (2007:77), Thakur (2011:140-3) and Singh (2013:164-5). Among
them, Shukla and Tripathy are structural and Thakur is funtional-typological while
others are traditional. In my observation, some of the adverbial subordinate clauses

appear in a more general application, and others more restricted to certain
subfunction, examined as follows:

13.2.1 Temporal adverbial clauses
Givón (2001b:330) notes a large number of grammaticalized connectives to

specify the temporal relation of an adverbial clause to its main clause. Some of the
most common ones are as follows:

a) Precedence
In the temporal clauses mentioned so far, there is either an implied
simultaneity or a sequence of events where the subordinate (or cosubordinate) जब

/jʌb/ 'when'-clause refers to an event taking place before the event named main clause.

On the other hand, according to Givón (2001b:327), the event in the पिहले /pʌɦile/
'before'-clause has not yet been realised in so-called precedence clauses in relation to

the event mentioned in the main clause (Thompson & Longacre, 1985:182). In

Bhojpuri, precedence is denoted by से पिहले /se pʌɦile/ 'before' as shown in (26a-c).
(26) a. भीतर जाए से पिहले जूता-चwपल िनकाल दO ।

b ̤ itʌr jɑe se pʌɦile jutɑ-cʌppʌl nikɑl dĩ

b ̤ itʌr jɑ-e se pʌɦil-e jutɑ-cʌppʌl nikɑl de-ĩ
inside go-PUR ABL first-DET shoes & sandals extract give-IMP.H

'Please take your shoes and sendals off befoure stepping in.' (13.057)

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