Page 83 - Bhojpuri Verb Morphology

plural and honorificity marker is common in individual tenses. None of the tenses

st
make gender distinction in 1 person.
Mainly two types of aspects are distinguished in Bhojpuri language - perfective and
imperfective. These aspects are further divided. In perfective aspect, we find three

types of perfective aspects; these are past perfect, present perfect and future perfect.
Likewise imperfective aspect is divided further into habitual and durative. Habitual
aspect is same as simple past and present tense in Bhojpuri. Durative imperfect is

divided into past, present and future durative. There are different auxiliaries for every
aspect except habitual aspect.

Being an Indo- Aryan language different kinds of mood are found in Bhojpuri

language. Five types of mood are discussed in this section; declarative (indicative),
interrogative, imperative, optative and conditional. The declarative sentences are

changed into interrogative by rising intonation or adding question words. Five types
of interrogative sentences are found- content question (using question words or WH-

question), yes/no question (using rising tone), tag question, alternative question and
rhetorical question. Imperative is restricted to second person, which has the form of

honorific and non-honorific. Verb is in bare form in non-honorific imperative.
Conditional mood consists of an antecedent (or a condition) and a consequent. The
optative mood expresses a wish or a desire, blessing and curses usually. The verb is

inflected for number, person, gender, honorificity, tense, aspect and mood by means
of different morphemes. Modality system in Bhojpuri can be categorized in two ways:

epistemic and evaluative. The epistemic modality is further subcategorized into
probability, certainty and negation. Likewise evaluative modality is subcategorized
into ability and obligation.

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