Page 32 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

and ditransitive. Both exist in a pair of related sentences, traditionally called active
and passive but semantically alike. Active and passive sentences are differentiated as

per the role of the verb in agreement with agent or otherwise.
Lohar (2012) is a work on participial clauses in Bhojpuri. It tries to discuss
both the sequential and simultaneous clauses Bhojpuri uses with their overlapping

characters with cliticization.
These contributions from structural approach to grammar emphasize on

structure or form overlooking functions. Besides, they contribute in the endeavour to
some extent while describing forms based on functions.

1.3.3 Transformational-generative approach
Shukla (1981) is a detailed work on Bhojpuri grammar. Shukla is a native

Bhojpuri speaker and linguist by training and profession. This is the first time that a
native Bhojpuri speaking linguist has written Bhojpuri Grammar in transformational-
generative (TG) model.

The grammatical components included in the work make it clear that the work
is significant. Besides these, it prefers forms rather than function. It is based on

Chomskyan notion of transformational generative grammar. It is a structuralist
approach that is insufficient to describe a language as a functional phenomenon. But it

can be helpful in the study to analyze Bhojpuri Grammar with description of the
grammatical components under notion of functional approach to language and

typological approach to grammar.
1.3.4 Comparative approach
Kellogg (1876), Hoernle (1880), Singh (1967), Arun (1972), Masica (1976),

Pandey (1979), Zograph (1982), Kushawaha (2005), Mehta (2006), Jaiswar (2007),
Kalwar (2008), Singh, V. (2008), Yadav (2008), Patel (2009), Singh (2009),

Upadhyay (2010), Mishra and Bali (2014) and Thakur et al. (2017) are the significant
works on Bhojpuri with comparative approach to other languages.
Kellogg (1876) is a work on Hindi Grammar with comparative paradigms of

different parts of speech of more than a dozen of languages including Bhojpuri.
Though it is not a specific grammar of Bhojpuri, it is significant for all those who are

interested in the Neo-Indo-Aryan languages. As it is descriptive and comparative, it
helps in the study to analyze Bhojpuri grammatical categories with implications of the

neighbouring languages typologically.

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