Page 20 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Difference between transformational-generative and functional- 28

typological grammars
Table 3.1: Stronghold of the Bhojpuri native speakers in Nepal 39
Table 3.2: Population of the Bhojpuri speech community in the censuses of Nepal 41

Table 4.1: Consonant phonemes in Bhojpuri 54
Table 4.2: Vowel length before voiced consonants and their sonorant counterparts 77

Table 4.3: Length of voiced consonants and their sonorant counterparts 78
Table 4.4: Distribution of consonants in Bhojpuri 79

Table 4.5: Oral monophthongs in Bhojpuri 82
Table 4.6: Distinctive features of the consonants in Bhojpuri 93

Table 4.7: Distinctive features of the Bhojpuri oral monophthongs 94
Table 4.8: Shwa deletion in Bhojpuri 97
Table 4.9: Nasal assimilation (anuswāra) 97

Table 4.10: Consonant gemination in Bhojpuri 98

Table 4.11: Voiceless post-alveolar and retroflex fricatives श[ʃ] and ष[ʂ] 98
Table 4.12: Non-syllabic !र/ri/ in Bhojpuri from syllabic ऋ/ɹ/ in Sanskrit 99

Table 4.13: Palatal and retroflex nasals in Bhojpuri orthography 99
Table 4.14: Insertion in tatsama in Bhojpuri 99

Table 4.15: Vowel insertion in loanwords in Bhojpuri 100
Table 6.1: Semantic change due to vowel alternation 161

Table 6.2: Stem-final consonant dropping 162
Table 6.3: Change of the whole stem 162

Table 6.4: Passivity, transitivity and causativity 163
Table 6.5: Passivity and causativity 163
Table 7.1: Distribution of standard copular forms and expressions 199

Table 7.2: Summary of valence patterns 208

Table 7.3: Internal agreement कर- /kʌr-/ conjuntcts 217
Table 7.4: External agreement कर- /kʌr-/ conjuncts 218

Table 7.5: Postpositions in the valence pattern of some कर- /kʌr-/ conjuncts 220

Table 8.1: Case marking in Bhojpuri 265
Table 9.1: Lexical elements of the noun phrase 268

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