Page 12 - A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI _ PhD Dissertation 2020 TU
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3.1.3 Literacy 38
3.1.4 Marriage system 38
3.1.5 Occupation 38
3.1.6 Demography and distribution 39
3.1.7 Linguistic affiliation 40
3.1.8 Writing system 41
3.2 Language resources and organizations 43
3.3 Language proficiency and multilingualism 44
3.3.1 Mother tongue proficiency in Bhojpuri 44
3.3.2 Bi/multilingualism 44
3.4 Domains of language use 45
3.5 Language vitality, transmission and maintenance 45
3.6 Language attitude 45
3.7 Language development 45
3.8 Dialectal variation 46
3.9 Summary 51
CHAPTER 4: PHONOLOGY 53-102
4.0 Outline 53
4.1 Inventory of the consonants 53
4.1.1 Phonological oppositions in consonants 54
4.1.2 Aspirate sonorants 68
4.1.3 Distribution of consonants 79
4.2 Vowels 81
4.2.1 Inventory of oral monophthongs 81
4.2.2 Phonological contrasts in oral monophthongs 82
4.2.3 Nasal monophthongs 88
4.2.4 Diphthongs and tripthongs 92
4.3 Distinctive features 93
4.3.1 Distinctive features of the consonants 93
4.3.2 Distinctive features of the oral monophthongs 94
4.4 Syllable 95
4.4.1 Syllable pattern 95
4.4.2 Syllable structure 95
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